Whether you’re about to start a new medication, or only switching from one to another, knowing how your body may react to certain medications can help you save from the trials and errors. Trial and error is a problem-solving method that involves trying different solutions until one works. Trial and error is a problem-solving method […]
Amongst all mental illnesses, anxiety disorder is the most prevalent globally. Millions of patients have been reporting the symptoms of this disorder in each year of history. There is multiple searching with failure upon many attempts to find out an appropriate remedy for chronic, crippling anxiety. Some find the old anxiety medicines like SSRIs and […]
The role of the CYP2B6 enzyme in drug metabolism is crucial, especially for individuals undergoing HIV treatment. CYP2B6 intermediate metabolizers, who possess a moderate level of enzyme activity due to genetic polymorphisms, face unique challenges when prescribed HIV medications metabolized by this enzyme, such as efavirenz. Efavirenz, a cornerstone antiretroviral drug, relies on CYP2B6 for […]
Abilify (aripiprazole) is one of the most commonly used atypical antipsychotics, treating diseases such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. It works in the body by stabilizing neurotransmitters in the brain and subsequently managing symptoms associated with the condition. In patients who have epilepsy or take anti-epileptic drugs for their seizure condition, the […]
Warfarin has been one of the most frequently prescribed oral anticoagulants for treating various conditions brought about by blood clotting disorders for decades. It is used to treat atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, and the prevention of stroke in heart disease sufferers. Though highly effective at preventing blood clots, warfarin has the […]
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is transforming cardiovascular medicine by enabling personalized treatment approaches based on a patient’s genetic profile. In particular, PGx is helping cardiologists optimize the use of antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and beta-blocker therapies in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). While numerous critical aspects are involved in practical cardiovascular medicine […]
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a neurologic disorder involving involuntary, repetitive body movements that often result from long-term use of certain medications, particularly antipsychotics and other dopamine receptor-blocking agents. These movements may include the tongue, lips, face, trunk, and extremities and significantly impact a patient’s quality of life. Managing tardive dyskinesia requires a multifaceted approach, including […]
Cytochrome P450 2D6, commonly referred to as CYP2D6 is one of the key enzymes in the liver responsible for metabolizing approximately 25% of clinically used medications. Ultrarapid metabolizers have an increased rate of converting prodrugs, such as codeine and tramadol, into their active forms (morphine and O-desmethyltramadol, respectively). This rapid conversion can lead to a […]
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects millions in the United States. According to the CDC, approximately 6 million children between the ages of 3–17 have been diagnosed with ADHD, while millions of adults also live with this condition. Treating ADHD effectively often involves trial and error with various medications and dosages, leading to prolonged discomfort for patients […]
Adderall is a widely prescribed medication for individuals diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). While it can significantly improve focus, concentration, and impulse control, finding the right dosage often requires fine-tuning. If you or your child is already taking Adderall but there are no to little effects, mood instability, or forgetfulness you are experiencing, these may […]